| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 107.4

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 107.4 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Canada and the United States

Anne Meis Knupfer. Reform and Resistance: Gender, Delinquency, and America's First Juvenile Court. New York: Routledge. 2001. Pp. x, 290. Cloth $85.00, paper $21.95.

Anne Meis Knupfer analyzes the role of maternalism in the creation of Chicago's juvenile court and its local institutions for delinquent and dependent female children. These institutions were the product of maternalist "state building," and she uses discourse theory to read the "scripts" written by reformers, institutions, families, and adolescents. While the focus is on the Progressive Era, a third of the book involves institutional histories of the Chicago Home for Girls, the State Industrial School for Delinquent Girls, and the Catholic House of the Good Shepherd that range back to the mid-nineteenth century. 1

Knupfer opens by comparing the social science of Hull House activitists to that of the Chicago School sociologists. Whereas the latter strayed from sociology's reformist roots and were content to analyze the sources of social problems, the former engaged the political arena by linking their research to proposals for municipal reform. The chapter lays the foundation for Knupfer's argument that maternalists (such as club women, volunteers, and philanthropists) and professional maternalists (social workers, probation officers, and social scientists) cooperated in the creation and sustenance of Chicago's social welfare establishment. . . .

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