| Book Review | The Western Historical Quarterly, 34.3

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| Book Review | The Western Historical Quarterly, 34.3 | The History Cooperative

*Empire and Revolution: The Americans in Mexico since the Civil War.* By John Mason Hart. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002. xi + 677 pp. Illustrations, map, appendixes, notes, bibliography, index. $39.95, £27.95.)
This encyclopedic book documents the Machiavellian machinations of North Americans in Mexico. Distinguished historian John Hart convincingly shows that American financiers have not only been present but were highly influential in the making of Mexico from the 1860s until 2000. While Mexicanist historians disagree about the degree to which U. S. capitalists and politicians turned Mexico into a neocolonial cash cow, Hart provides ample evidence of massive investment and blatant intervention, both diplomatic and military.	1
With painstaking detail, Hart describes the process by which foreigners, mainly North Americans, bought up huge swaths of Mexico. The Díaz regime's (1876–1911) policies favoring foreign investment and privatization of terrenos baldios (vacant lands) resulted in the massive dispossession of Mexican landholders. By 1910, foreigners owned 35 percent of Mexico's surface area, and just 15,000 North Americans controlled 27 percent of the nation (p. 260). U. S. investment in railroads, petroleum, mining, electrical power and telephone and telegraph systems were similarly impressive.	. . .

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